关于青岛永泰长荣泡沫填充护舷高吸能特点的分析

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泡沫填充护舷具备卓越的能量吸收能力，以下从材料特性、结构设计以及性能表现等方面进行分析：

Analysis of the Excellent Energy Absorption Capacity of Foam-Filled Fenders

材料特性

  • 轻质高弹性：泡沫填充护舷内部填充的是发泡聚氨酯、发泡EVA或发泡橡胶等轻质高弹性闭孔发泡材料。这些材料具有良好的弹性，当受到船舶冲击时，能够迅速发生变形，将船舶的动能转化为材料的弹性势能，从而有效地吸收冲击能量。在冲击结束后，材料又能恢复到原来的形状，为下一次冲击做好准备。

  • 良好的缓冲性能：这种闭孔发泡材料内部的无数微小气孔就像一个个小的缓冲单元，在受到外力挤压时，气孔会被压缩，进一步增强了材料的缓冲效果。它们可以分散和吸收冲击力，减少对船舶和码头结构的直接作用力，起到保护作用。

结构设计

  • 双层结构优势：部分泡沫填充护舷采用双层结构，如由聚脲外保护层和聚氨酯发泡体构成。外保护层不仅可以增强护舷的耐腐蚀性，还能在一定程度上约束内部发泡材料，使其在受到冲击时能够更有效地集中能量进行吸收。同时，这种结构也有助于保持护舷的整体稳定性，确保能量吸收过程的可靠性。

性能表现

  • 高吸能效率：泡沫填充护舷在压缩变形过程中表现出极高的吸能效率。研究表明，它在压缩60%时仍能保持结构稳定，并且反力梯度变化明显，能够高效地吸收船舶的冲击能量。相比传统的充气护舷，其吸能能力有显著提升，能够更好地保护码头和船舶免受损坏。

  • 稳定的能量吸收过程：在整个能量吸收过程中，泡沫填充护舷的性能较为稳定。它不会像一些其他类型的护舷那样，在受到冲击时出现突然的能量释放或性能下降的情况。这种稳定的能量吸收过程可以为码头和船舶提供持续可靠的保护。

Foam-filled fenders possess remarkable energy absorption capabilities, which can be analyzed from the perspectives of material properties, structural design, and performance.

Material Properties

• Lightweight and Highly Elastic: The interior of foam-filled fenders is filled with lightweight, highly elastic closed-cell foamed materials such as foamed polyurethane, foamed EVA, or foamed rubber. These materials exhibit good elasticity. When subjected to ship impacts, they can rapidly deform, converting the kinetic energy of the ship into elastic potential energy of the material, thereby effectively absorbing the impact energy. After the impact ends, the material can return to its original shape, preparing for the next impact.

• Excellent Cushioning Performance: The numerous tiny air pores inside these closed-cell foamed materials act as small cushioning units. When compressed by external forces, these air pores are further compressed, enhancing the cushioning effect of the material. They can disperse and absorb impact forces, reducing the direct forces acting on the ship and wharf/dock structures, and providing protection.

Structural Design

• Advantages of Double-Layer Structure: Some foam-filled fenders adopt a double-layer structure, consisting of a polyurea outer protective layer and a polyurethane foam body. The outer protective layer not only enhances the corrosion resistance of the fender but also, to some extent, constrains the internal foamed material, enabling it to more effectively concentrate energy for absorption when subjected to impacts. Meanwhile, this structure helps maintain the overall stability of the fender, ensuring the reliability of the energy absorption process.

Performance

• High Energy Absorption Efficiency: Foam-filled fenders demonstrate extremely high energy absorption efficiency during the compression deformation process. Studies have shown that they can remain structurally stable even when compressed by 60%, with a significant gradient change in reaction force, enabling efficient absorption of ship impact energy. Compared to traditional pneumatic fenders, their energy absorption capacity has been significantly improved, providing better protection for wharves and ships against damage.

• Stable Energy Absorption Process: Throughout the energy absorption process, foam-filled fenders exhibit relatively stable performance. Unlike some other types of fenders that may experience sudden energy release or performance degradation upon impact, the stable energy absorption process of foam-filled fenders provides continuous and reliable protection for wharves and ships.