青岛永泰长荣泡沫填充护舷为何能提升风电安装作业安全性

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泡沫填充护舷在风电安装作业中主要通过以下机制保障作业安全：

一、材料特性强化防护能力

  1. 高弹性缓冲

泡沫填充护舷内部采用轻质高弹性聚氨酯泡沫、EVA泡沫，或超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）发泡材料，压缩60%时仍能吸收大量冲击能量。这种特性有效分散船舶靠泊时的动能，降低船体与码头（或风电安装平台）的直接碰撞力，避免结构损伤。

  2. 耐候性与耐腐蚀

护舷外层使用聚脲或聚乙烯复合材料，耐海水侵蚀、抗紫外线老化，即使长期暴露在海上风电场的盐雾环境中仍能保持性能稳定。例如吕梁码头工程采用的UHMWPE护舷，在黄土高原地带高沉降区域仍能维持15mm动态补偿空间，适应性极强。

二、结构设计适配动态环境

  1. 漂浮式安装优势

泡沫填充护舷具有自主浮力，安装位置不受潮差限制，可随水位变化自动升降。这一特性特别适合海上风电场运维船舶的频繁靠泊需求，避免传统护舷因潮汐导致的错位失效。盐城某工程的护舷安装误差小于3mm，精确保障船舶靠泊路径的稳定性。

  2. 压缩形变分散冲击

通过可控的压缩变形，护舷可将船舶冲击力从局部集中载荷转化为均匀分布载荷。例如聚氨酯护舷压缩至60%时，反力由小到大渐进式提升，既能避免硬性碰撞，又能防止船舶反弹偏移。

三、作业安全提升技术

  1. 免维护与抗损性

相比充气护舷，泡沫填充护舷无需充气维护，不会因划伤或磨损漏气失效。如河北海事局要求风电运维船舶配备的护舷需满足“耐酸碱、防渗透”标准，泡沫填充护舷的免维护性完全适配这一要求。

  2. 智能化配套

部分工程在护舷系统中集成智能监测模块，实时反馈护舷受力状态和磨损程度。例如盐城项目通过传感器对护舷进行实时预警，可提前发现隐性破损，避免因护舷失效引发断缆事故。

四、案例验证与规范应用

在吕梁码头改扩建中，泡沫护舷采用三维激光扫描定位和全站仪监控，预埋件定位偏差≤5mm，螺栓孔误差控制在2mm以内，确保极端水文条件下的缓冲有效性。青岛永泰船舶的聚氨酯护舷使用寿命达10-15年，显著高于传统充气护舷的1-2年周期，降低了海上风电运维船舶的长期安全风险。

综上，泡沫填充护舷通过材料科学、动态结构设计和精准安装技术的结合，在风电安装与驳船靠泊作业中构建了多层次安全屏障，有效降低碰撞能量、提高系统可靠性。

Why Foam-Filled Fenders Provide Better Operational Safety in Wind Power Installation

Foam-filled fenders primarily provide better operational safety in wind power installation through the following mechanisms:

I. Material Properties Enhance Protective Capabilities

• High-Elasticity Buffering
  Foam-filled fenders use lightweight, high-elasticity polyurethane foam, EVA foam or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) foaming materials inside. Even when compressed by 60%, they can still absorb a large amount of impact energy. This characteristic effectively disperses the kinetic energy generated during vessel berthing, reducing the direct collision force between the hull and the dock (or wind power installation platform) and preventing structural damage.
• Weather Resistance and Corrosion Resistance
  The outer layer of fenders is made of polyurea or polyethylene composite materials, which are resistant to seawater erosion and ultraviolet aging. They can maintain stable performance even when exposed to the salt-spray environment of offshore wind farms for a long time. For example, the UHMWPE fenders used in the Luliang Wharf project can still maintain a 15mm dynamic compensation space in the high-subsidence area of the Loess Plateau, demonstrating excellent adaptability.
  

II. Structural Design Adapts to Dynamic Environments

• Advantages of Floating Installation
  Foam-filled fenders have inherent buoyancy, and their installation positions are not restricted by tidal ranges. They can automatically rise and fall with water level changes. This characteristic is particularly suitable for the frequent berthing needs of vessels in offshore wind farm operation and maintenance, avoiding the misalignment and failure of traditional fenders caused by tides. In the Yancheng project, the installation error of fenders was less than 3mm, ensuring the stability of the vessel berthing path.
• Compression Deformation Disperses Impact
  Through controlled compression deformation, fenders can convert the localized concentrated load from vessel impact into a uniformly distributed load. For example, when polyurethane fenders are compressed by 60%, the reaction force increases gradually from small to large, which not only avoids hard collisions but also prevents vessel rebound and deviation.
  

III. Operational Safety Enhancement Technologies

• Maintenance-Free and Damage Resistance
  Compared with inflatable fenders, foam-filled fenders do not require inflation maintenance and will not fail due to punctures or abrasions causing air leaks. For instance, the fenders required by the Hebei Maritime Safety Administration for vessels in wind power operation and maintenance must meet the standards of “acid and alkali resistance and permeability prevention.” The maintenance-free nature of foam-filled fenders fully complies with these requirements.
• Intelligent Integration
  Some projects integrate intelligent monitoring modules into the fender systems to provide real-time feedback on the stress state and wear degree of fenders. For example, in the Yancheng project, sensors are used to provide real-time early warnings for fenders, enabling the early detection of hidden damages and preventing rope breakage accidents caused by fender failure.
  

IV. Case Verification and Standardized Application

In the reconstruction and expansion of the Luliang Wharf, foam fenders were positioned using 3D laser scanning and monitored with total stations. The positioning deviation of embedded parts was ≤5mm, and the error of bolt holes was controlled within 2mm, ensuring effective buffering under extreme hydrological conditions. The polyurethane fenders produced by Qingdao Evergreen Maritime have a service life of 10-15 years, significantly longer than the 1-2 years of traditional inflatable fenders, reducing the long-term safety risks of vessels in offshore wind farm operation and maintenance.

In conclusion, through the combination of material science, dynamic structural design, and precise installation technology, foam-filled fenders construct a multi-level safety barrier in wind power installation and barge berthing operations, effectively reducing collision energy and improving system reliability.