辽宁东宝38万吨散货总段分段气囊下水施工方案计划书
一、38万吨散货船分段技术参数：SHIP SECTION PARTICULARS分段长度LENGTH：65M分段型宽WIDTH：25、28M米各一个EACH（按25米计算ACCORDING TO 25M）分段型深DEPTH：30米M分段重量WEIGHT：04#：W=3958.86T 05#:W=3818.01T重心高度GM：04#:G=13.56M 05#:G=13.89M设计吃水DRAFT：04#:T=2.11M05#:=2.34M坡道SLOPE:1:801:601:281:14二、几点建议SUGGESTIONS1、建造墩的高度不能超过0.90米. SUPPORTING BLOCK WILL BE LESS THAN 0.9M2、增设三组50T锚点和两组20T卷扬机锚点（见图）。 ADD 3 50T TOWING POINT AND 2 SET WINCH(SEE THE DRAWING)3、建造墩的位置应横平竖直，间距不小于3米，便于布设气囊。 SUPPORTING BLOCK WILL BE CROSSVISE ,THE SPACE WILL BE MORE THAN 3M.三：船体下水过程中气囊基本数据：AIRBAG PARTICULAR AT LAUNCHING1、 施工中拟采用50条直径1.80米,长度10米高压气囊，其中34条顶升及滚动作业，16DURING THE PROCRSS OF LUNCHING SECTING THE AIR BAG WILL USE 50PCS DIA:1.8M.LENGTH 10M.AND 30 PCS WILL ACT AS LIFTING AND ROLLING,17PCS WILL WORK AS LINK.条气囊备用倒接，每条气囊承载负荷为W。按34条整体顶升计算。PER AIRBAG LOADING STRESS WILL BE “W”.THEN CALCULATE THE TOTAL STRESS: W顶=G/N= 4200T/34条=123.5T/条“W”SUPPORTING”= G/N= 3960T/34PCS=116.4T/PC G：船体总质量 N：实际承载气囊数量 G:TATAL SECTION WEIGHTN:QUANTITY OF AIRBAG2、 顶升撤墩作业，气囊工作状态。（建造墩高度90cm按顶升高度95cm，气囊按Φ1.8×10m核算）LIFTING AND TAKE OUT PEDESTAL WHEN AIRBAG IS WORKING. (THE DESIGN HEIGHT OF PEDESTAL IS 90cm WHILE LIFTING HEIGHT IS 95cm. THE SIZE OF AIRBAG IS Φ1.8×10m)3、名称NAME规格SPECIFICATION (M)气囊承载面宽度THE WIDTH OF BASE（M）数量NUMBER（条TAPE）条气囊举力LIFTING CAPACITY OF PER TAPE AIRBAG(T)实际工作压强ACTUAL WORKING PRESSURE (MPa)额定工作压强RATED WORKING PRESSURE (MPa)
船舶工程专用气囊THE SPECIFAL AIFBAG OF SHIP ENGINEERINGΦ1.8×10M1.3434116.40．090.11
结论：气囊顶升作业中，实际承受的压强小于额定工作压力，故顶升操作安全可靠。 CONCLUSION: LIFTING OPERATE IS SAFE AND RELIABLE BECAUSE ACTUAL WORKING PRESSURE OF AIR BAG IS LOWER THAN RATED PRESSURE.3、前移作业气囊工作状态（按运行高度80cm核算）FC=Q.g.sinα-μ.Q.g.COSα+Q.V/TQ 船体重量 SHIP WEIGHT KNg 重力加速度 ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY9.8Nc 为滑轮组钢丝绳道数；THE NUMBER OF STEEL WIRE ROPE OF ASSEMBLY PULLEYβ 为钢丝绳与坡道牵引夹角。THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE ROPE AND RAMP.α 坡道水平夹角0.72度RAMP ANGLE0.72°μ 气囊滚动摩擦系数ROLLING FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF AIRBAG (0.01-0.015)船体重量SHIP WEIGHT：3900吨TON 分段在1：80的坡道上 ， 下滑力:487.5KNSECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:80, SLIDING FORCE: 487.5KN分段在1：60的坡道上 ， 下滑力:650KNSECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:60, SLIDING FORCE: 650KN在实际的操作中，由于受气囊角度、压力、风向、风力等外界方面影响，气囊的滚动摩擦系数μ在0.01-0.015之间变化.且船体由静态变为动态时要克服静摩擦需要较大的外力。THE ROLLING FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF AIFBAG CHANGES IN BETWEEN 0.01-0.015 BECAUSE OF THE EFFECT OF BALLOON ANGLE, PRESSURE, WIND POWER AND WIND DIRECT ECT. THIS NEEDS A LARGER FORCE WHEN SHIP MOVES FROM STATIC.分段在1:80的坡道上SECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:801、 摩擦系数μ取0.01时WHEN FRICTION COEFFICIENT IS 0.01下滑力SLIDING FORCE:487.5KN摩擦力FRICTION FORCE:390 KN后牵力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：97.5KN2、摩擦系数μ取0.015时WHEN FRICTION COFFICIENT IS 0.015下滑力SLIDING FORCE:487.5KN摩擦力FRICITON FORCE:585KN后牵力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：-97.5KN（需前牵TRACTIVE FORCE IN FORE）分段在1:60的坡道上SECTION IN THE RAMP OF 1:601、摩擦系数μ取0.01时WHEN FRICTION COFFICIENT IS 0.01下滑力SLIDING FORCE:650KN摩擦力FRICTION FORCE:390 KN后牵力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：260KN2、摩擦系数μ取0.015时WHEN FRICTION COFFICIENT IS 0.015下滑力SLIDING FORCE:650KN摩擦力FRICTION FORCE:585KN后牵力REAR TRACTIVE FORCE：65 KN在下水操作过程中安全期间后牵取最大值260KNFOR SAFETY DURING OPERATEING IN THE WATER, THE REAR TRACTIVE FORCE WITH MAXIMUM 260KN主后牵卷扬机MAIN REAR TRACTIVE WINCH：200 KN，钢索道数NUMBER OF CABLE：3道TAPE，总牵引力GROSS TRACTIVE FORCE :600kN600KN÷260KN=2.30倍TIMES(标准为1.25倍STANDARD IS 1.25 TIMES)下水速度SPEED OF SHIP LAUNCHING：1. 0米/分m/min结论: 在1：80坡道上分段需要前牵，在1：60坡道上后牵力满足需要。CONCLUSION: IT NEEDS FRONT TRACTIVE IN THE SECTION OF 1:80 RAMP, REAR TRACTION IN SECTION OF 1:60RAMP.四：准备工作PREPARATION WORK1：船体牵引点设置SET TRACTIVE POSITION OF HULL下水分段尾部（习惯上入水端为首部）强结构上设计两个50吨眼板做为主后牵，高度在3米左右，间距大于1米小于4米。在下水船体一侧（左右都可，与卷扬机位置一致）船艉10米的位置设一个35T眼板，做为主前牵，高度在3米左右的强结构上。DESIGN TWO 50t EYE BRACKETS IN THE STRONG STRUCTURE OF TAIL OF SHIP SECTION LAUNCHING. (GENERALLY THE LAUNCHING END IS CALLED HEADER). THE HEIGHT OF EYE BRACKET IS 3m; SPACE IS BETWEEN 1-4m. SET A 35t EYE BRACKETS AS MAJOR FRONT TRACTION IN THE STRONG STRUCTURE OF SECTION SIDE (LEFT OF RIGHT, ON THE SAME SIDE WITH WINCH).2：卷扬机固定锚点的设置SET THE POSITION FOR FIXING OF WINCH.见拖曳示意图 SEE THE PICTURE OF DRAGGING3：浮态计算FLOATING STATE CALCULATION按葫芦岛五、六、七、八、九、十月份当地大潮潮高3.50米左右，安全期间按3.30米计算，入水端吃水2.353米时浮力距等于重力距,船体艉浮.全浮位置在重心运行到1：14坡道标高1.46米位置.(见附图)IN HULUDAO, IN MAY, SPRING TIDES IS ABOUT 3.50m HIGH IN JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER. FOR SAFETY, SET HEIGHT OF TIDE 3.30m, LAUNCHING LENGTH IS 111.3m. BUOYANCY DISTANCE IS GREATER THAN GRAVITY TOUQUE. THE HULL IS FULL FLOATING WHEN THE WATER-SIDE DRAFT 3.56m. THE FULL FLOATING POSITION IN THE BARYCENTRE RUN TO THE 1:14 RAMP AND ELEVATION OF 1.46m (SEE PHOTO)
五：船体下水HULL LAUNCHING船体移动分两个阶段：HULL MOVING CONSISTS OF TWO PHASES一：先将船体移至最低潮位待潮。1：MOVE HULL TO THE LOWEST POINT FOR WAITING TIDE.THE POSITION IS IN THE VARIABLE SLOPE RAMP DEPARTMENT OF 1:35 AND 1:14.二：最高潮位时打开脱钩器解除后牵，利用重力下滑完成下水。2：HULL LANUCH BY GRAVITY WHEN REAR TRACTION IS LEFT FOR OPENING DECOUPLING DEVICE IN MAXIMUM WATER LEVER.下水时必须采取快放的方式，因为下水速度慢就会使部分气囊吐不出船底，气囊的浮力会使船体左倾或右倾。QUICK RELEASE MEANS SHOULD BE USED BECAUSE HULL WILL BALLOON LEFTIST OF RIGHTIST WHEN LOWER LANUCHING SPEED MAKE PART AIRBAG NOT SPIT OUT BOTTOM.六、稳性计算STABILITY CALCULATION根据大连海事大学计算结果，船舶初稳性所适用的角度范围延伸至10º，分段的左右舷高度差为4.40米时，分段的倾斜角为10º。ACCORDING TO THE CALCULATION OF DALIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY, AFTER THE LOADING OF BALLAST 500t, THE BARYCENTRE OF HULL IS REDUCED TO 13.01m FROM 14.58m. INTIAL STABILITY OF SHIP IS EXTENDED TO 10°.THE TILT ANGLE IS 10° WHEN HEIGHT DIFFERENCE OF SECTION BETWEEN LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE IS 4.40m.分段在顶升、运行过程中左右高度具有可控性，由于气囊左右对称分布，而且用气囊压力可以调整左右舷高度，左右舷高差完全可以控制在200mm以内，左右舷高差200mm时，倾斜角度为0.008º，远远小于10º，故稳定性是非常好的。FOR SYMMETRICAL DISTRBUTION OF AIRBAG AND ADJUSTING THE HEIGHT OF LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE BY THE PRESSURE OF AIRBAG, THE HEIGHT DIFFERENCE CAN BE CONTROLED IN RANGE OF 200mm; AND THE TITLE ANGLE IS 0.008° FAR LESS THAN 10°. SECTION HAS WELL STABILITY DURING LIFTING AND OPERATING FOR THE CONTROLLABLE HEIGHT OF LEFT AND RIGHT.分段在下水过程中所受的力为纵向力，对左右舷倾斜角没有影响。THE FORCE OF SECTION IN THE PROCESS OF LAUNCHING IS LONGITUDINAL FORCE WHICH HAVE NO EFFECT ON THE TILT ANGLE.七：拖曳前的准备Preparation for drag1：准备设备情况preparation of the facilities气 囊 50条，直径1.8米，长10米AIRBAG 50, 1.8m in diameter, 10m in length气 带 200米BAND OF GAS 200m压 力 表 20台RESSURE GAGE 20UNITS对 讲 机INTERPHONE 十部10气 源气泵AIR PUMP （船厂提供）(PROVIDED BY SHIPYARD)卷 扬 机HOISTER 200KN二组2UNITS卷 扬 机HOISTER 100KN二组2UNITS滑 轮 组PULLEY 120T两组 TWO SETS脱 钩 器 DETACHER 100T一台 ONE SET2：开始移动之前应注意下面几点：Notes before movement:1：检查船底及路面上是否有其他的障碍物，和坚硬石子等物品。CHECK AND PURGE THE STUMBLING BLOCKS HARD STONES ON THE ROAD OF SHIP BOTTOM2：检查所有指挥人员，卷扬机操作人员是否全部到位。MAKE SURE COMMAND STUFF TAKE THEIR PLACE.3：卷扬机电气及机械部分运转是否正常，气囊压力是否正常。CHECK AND MAKE SURE ELECTRIC AND MECHANIC PARTS OF WINDLASS WORKS WELL, PRESSURE OF AIRBAG NOMAL.4：保证空压机正常运转，气带保持良好的状态。MAKE SURE AIR COMPRESSOR WORKS WELL AND GAS BAND IN GOOD CONDITION.5：无关人员全部撤离10米以外区域，同时检查船底及周围是否有滞留人员。UNRELATED PERSONS WITHDRAW THE REGIONS OF 10m AND CHECK AND MAKE SURE NO PERSON UNDER THE SHIP.3：船体的拖曳DRAG OF HULL上述应检查的项目全部检查完后指挥员方可下达牵引口令。AFTER ALL CHECK ITEMS BE DONE, COMMANDER GIVE A DRAG COMMAND.1：卷扬机手要听从指挥员的统一指挥。OPERATOR OF WINDLASS MUST OBEY ORDER OF COMMANDER.2：按规定摆好接续气囊。PUT THE AIRBAG FOLLOW REQUIRED.3：船体牵引速度控制在1.5m/min之内。THE SPEED OF TRACTION IS WITHIN 1.5m/min.4：牵引过程中，工作人员随时检查气囊压力的变化。STAFF CHECK THE CHANGE OF PRESSURE OF AIRBAG DURING DRAGGING.
八：下水操作 LAUNCHING OPERATION1：顶升撤墩：按照理论计算数量布置好气囊，后牵卷扬机收紧绳索，并达到计算牵引力（防止在坡道上下滑）。气囊充气顶升，全部气囊充气压力达到设计压力，船体顶起布置安全墩，撤出工作支墩。LIFTING AND TAKING OUT SUPPORTING BLOCK: ACCORDING TO THE THEORETIC CALCULATED, ARRANGE AIRBAGS, AND THEN TAKE UP CABLE WIRE BY HOISTER. ALL AIRBAGS ARE AERATED TO DESIGN PRESSURE, THE HULL IS LIFT UP, FIXED THE SAFETY BLOCK, REMOVE WORKING SUPPORTING BLOCK.2：调整气囊压力，达到行走状态下的气囊设计压力，使船体达到设计工作高度。ADJUST AIRBAG PRESSURE TO DESIGN PRESSURE OF WORKING CONDITION.LIFT HULL TO DESIGN HEIGHT.3：检查船底是否有较锋利的石块、金属等物品，是否残留造船过程中的金属墩、木垫块、焊条头等物品。CHACK AND PURGE SHARP BLOCKS, METAL, METAL BLOCK, WOODS AND WELDING RODS.4：布置好接续气囊。FIX UP FOLLOW AIRBAG.5：下水行走过程中注意尾部吐出气囊的放气、首部吃进气囊的充气工作。DURING LUNCHING OPERATION, RELEASE THE AIR OF LEFT AIRBAGS WHILE AERATE THE INCOMING AIRBAGS.上述工作准备好后，可以进行下水操作。LUNCHING OPERATION CAN BE TAKEN AFTER ALL THE PREPARE WORKS.九： 安全问题SECURITY PROBLEM（1）操作安全及人身安全防范SAFETY PRECAUTIONS OF PERSONAL SAFETY AND OPERATE.主要注意以下几点：MAIN ATTENTION TO THE FOLLOWING:1：做好人员安全教育，提高全体人员的安全意识。SAFETY EDUCATION IS USED TO IMPROVE THE SAFETY AWARENESS OF ALL STAFF.2：在场的全体人员必须佩带安全帽，劳保鞋，指挥人员要佩戴红色袖标以区别操作员工。无关人员严禁进入操作区。ALL PRESENT STAFF MUST WEAR HELMETS, PROTECTIVE SHOES AND COMMANDING OFFICERS WEAR A RED ARMBAND TO DISTINGUISH OPERATIONS STAFF.UNRELATED PERSONS PROHIBITED FROM ENTERING OPERATION AREA.（2）对设备的安全检查：SAFETY INSPECTIONS OF EQUIPMENT: 1：气囊在使用之前，要逐一进行严格检查，对气囊的表面检查是否有伤痕，是否有氧化，充气头密封情况、是否有漏气等现象。THE INJURIES, OXIDATION, SEALING OF INFLATABLE HEAD IN SURFACE OF AIRBAG MUST BE CHECKED BEFORE USING.2：对充气系统的压力监视仪表，包括空压机的压力表，要逐一进行试验，指示要准确。充气阀门密封要好，不应有漏气现象。CHECK MONITORING SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE AIR COMPRESSRO PRESSURE GAUGE ETC. TESTING ALL INSTRUMENTS OF INFLATION SYSTEM ONE BY ONE TO MAKE ACCURATELY. PNEUMATIC VALVE SEAL BETTER AND NO LEAKAGE.3：充气管以及与气囊连接的气带，连接要紧密锁紧，防止充气中气带脱落。IN ORDER TO PREVENT UNSATURATED ZONE OFF DURING INFLATING, THE CHECK CONNECTING GAS ZONE OF AIRBAG AND INFLATED TUBE TOCONNECT CLOSE LOCK.（3）机电设备的安全问题 SAFETY OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT1：所有设备必须全部做接地保护。ALL EQUIPMENT MUST BE GROUND PROTECTED.2：手持设备必须采用一机、一闸、一漏电保护的配电设备。EACH HANDHELD EQUIPMENT HAS A INDEPENDENT POWER SWITCH AND ELECTRICAL LEAKAGE PROTECTION.3：电动设备控制电源箱要安放在设备附近，便于操作的位置。ELECTRIC POWER EQUIPMENT CONTROL BOX SHOULD BE PLACED NEAR EQUIPMENT TO OPERATE EASYLY.4：设备开关保护整定电流要符合设备要求。EQUIPMENT SWITCH PROTECTION CURRENT SETING TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS.十、操作流程（利用一天两个高潮位各下一条）OPERATING PROCEDURES (LAUNCHING TWO SECTION USING TWO HIGH TIDES EACH DAY)清扫船台与船底------安装前后牵眼板---固定前后牵引-----两个分段同时摆设气囊- -------充气撤墩----再次清扫船底------将第一个分段溜放到低潮位线待潮-------最高潮位时解除后牵------重力下滑至全浮------回收气囊-----完成第一个分段的下水作业------将第二个分段溜放到低潮位线待潮------最高潮位时解除后牵------重力下滑至全浮------回收气囊-----完成第二个分段的下水作业。CLEANING BERTH AND BOTTOM------INSTALL EYE BRACKETS FOR PULLING --- FIXED FRONT AND REAR TRACTION—PLACE AIRBAG OF TWO SECTION AT THE SAME TIME---GAS FILLED AND TAKE OUT SUPPORTING BLOCK---CLEANING BERTH AND BOTTOM AGAIN---FIRST SECTION IS SLIPPED INTO THE LOW TIDE LINE TO WAIT TIDE---RELEASE THE REAR TRACTIVE ON THE TIME OF MAXIMUM TIDE--- SLIDING TO FLOAT WHOLE BY GRAVITY---RECYCLING AIRBAG---COMPLETE LAUNCHING OPERATE OF FIRST SECTION--- SECOND SECTION IS SLIPPED INTO THE LOW TIDE LINE TO WAIT TIDE---RELEASE THE REAR TRACTIVE ON THE TIME OF MAXIMUM TIDE--- SLIDING TO FLOAT WHOLE BY GRAVITY---RECYCLING AIRBAG---COMPLETE LAUNCHING OPERATE OF SECOND SECTION.
十一、下水工程装备器材一览表：LIST OF ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT FOR LAUNCHING甲方提供：PROVIDED BY PART A:
品 名NAME规格MODEL单位UNIT数量NUMBER备注REMARKS
吊车CRANE50吨t台DESK1吊运卷扬机LIFTING WINCH
工人WORKER
人PERSON30撤墩TAKE OUT SUPPORTING BLOCK
照明LIGHT
气源AIR SUPPLY
按气缸接到位CONNECTED BY CYLINDERS
电源POWER60KW
满足卷扬机用电需要MEET THE ELECTRICITY NEEDS OF WINCH
小船BOAT
2回收气囊RECYCLING AIRBAGS
叉车FORK LIFTER5T台DESK2
后牵钢丝绳扣ROPE BUCKLE50#条TAPE215米m
乙方准备：PROVIDED BY PART B:
品名NAME规格MODEL单 位UNIT数量NUMBER备 注REMARKS
充气管GAS VALVE
根TAPE200米m
气囊AIRBAG1.8×10条TAPE50
气压表BAROMETER
个DESK10
对讲机INTERCOM
部SET12
脱钩器DETACHER100T个SET1
卷扬机HOISTER20T台DESK2
卷扬机HOISTER10T台DESK2
滑轮组ASSEMBLY PULLEY120T组2
页:
[1]